Understanding the problem and its cause
This ligament helps keep the knee stable during pivoting and changes of direction. Injury often occurs during a sudden stop, landing or twist, and the meniscus and cartilage may also be injured.
Symptoms and their effect on function
A tearing sensation or sudden pop, early swelling and the knee giving way may occur; the severity of the initial pain does not accurately indicate how unstable the knee will be later.
Examination and choosing investigations
A specific examination of knee stability is performed. X-rays may be needed to assess bone injury, and MRI to assess the ligament and associated injuries.
The MRI report must be interpreted alongside the examination and the patient's goals. An important difference between someone who only walks and an athlete who repeatedly changes direction is the level of stability required. An injury to the meniscus can also change the choice of treatment.
The treatment pathway and choosing an approach
Reducing swelling and restoring movement and strength are part of treatment. The need for reconstruction is determined by instability, sporting activity, functional age and associated injuries; not everyone needs surgery.
Daily activity and monitoring recovery
An office worker may tolerate sitting at a desk sooner than running or construction work, but commuting, stairs and driving must also be considered. Return to football or pivoting sports is not cleared simply because several months have passed; strength, movement control, swelling and functional tests must be assessed during rehabilitation.
When to seek care and warning signs
Numbness in the leg or foot, a cold limb or deformity after an injury requires urgent medical attention.